Two medicine horns hanging off a stone wall.

'Medicine Horns' (LAVC/PHO/P0502) by Werner Kissling. Held at Special Collections, Leeds University Library. Licensed under CC-BY-NC 4.0

Cowhorns were used as spoons for giving medicine to cattle and horses. Bob Hird of Langthwaite explained that cattle received medicine through the broad base of the horn, while horses took it from the point.

Two medicine horns.

'Medicine Horns' (LAVC/PHO/P0503) by Werner Kissling. Held at Special Collections, Leeds University Library. Licensed under CC-BY-NC 4.0

Informants also demonstrated the use of gags and dosing irons that kept horses’ mouths open while checking their teeth and administering medicine.

Hand holding up a horse dosing iron.

'Horse Dosing Iron' (LAVC/PHO/P0507) by Wille Brunk. Held at Special Collections, Leeds University Library. Licensed under CC-BY-NC 4.0

Two men putting a horse gag into a horse's mouth.

'Horse Gag in Use' (LAVC/PHO/P0510) by Werner Kissling. Held at Special Collections, Leeds University Library. Licensed under CC-BY-NC 4.0

Bob Hird also showed the informers a set of fleams used for bleeding horses.

Four sets of fleams.

'Fleams' (LAVC/PHO/PO511) by Werner Kissling. Held at Special Collections, Leeds University Library. Licensed under CC-BY-NC 4.0